The Impact of Climate-Smart Agriculture and CO2 Emissions on Food Security in Asian Developing Countries (2000-2023)

Abstract

Asian developing countries face the challenge of food security. This persists under the pressure of rapid population growth, environmental degradation, and climate change that not only affect economic growth but also their agricultural systems. The paper examines the nature of the interconnection between the climate-smart agriculture (CSA), food security, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within the context of Asian developing countries from 2000 to 2023. Using fixed-effects models with strong standard errors, interaction analysis and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality tests; it is found that the negative effects of CO2 emissions on food security are highly significant, not just in terms of reduced productivity but also in terms of long-term environmental externalities. CSA on the other hand will directly alleviate these adverse impacts as it will promote resource-use efficiency, climatic stress-resilience, and development in agricultural sectors that are sustainable. Policy implications emphasize the importance of the scaled adaptation of CSA, original integration of agricultural, climate, and trade strategies, and the need to invest in sustainable food systems to ensure zero hunger, climate action and sustainable production.

Keywords: Climate Smart Agriculture, Carbon dioxide, Food Security