ADMINISTRATIVE AND HUMAN RESOURCE CHALLENGES IN GOVERNMENT-RUN NON FORMAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Non Formal Education (NFE) serves as a critical alternative for marginalized and out-of-school populations, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. This study investigates the administrative and human resource challenges impacting government-run NFE schools in Punjab, with a focus on Faisalabad. Using proportionate sampling and validated questionnaires, the research identifies key issues such as unclear administrative policies, shortage of qualified staff, delayed decision-making, insufficient teacher training, opaque recruitment processes, and limited professional development. Additional barriers include inadequate infrastructure, lack of standardized curriculum, weak monitoring systems, and socio-cultural factors hindering community engagement. These challenges collectively undermine the effectiveness, accessibility, and sustainability of NFE programs. The study recommends policy reforms, strategic investment in teacher capacity building, enhanced community involvement, transparent recruitment, and strengthened monitoring frameworks to improve the quality and equity of NFE. Strengthening this sector is essential for achieving national educational goals and supporting Pakistan’s commitments under Sustainable Development Goal 4.